Michigan Voter-Registration Investigation

An FBI Detroit timeline traces a four-year Michigan voter-registration fraud investigation that ended with the U.S. Attorney declining prosecution in July 2024 — then reconsidering that October, leaving the charging question unresolved. The chronology opens 10/27/2020 with Michigan State Police briefing the FBI's Detroit Election Team. In March 2021, Justice Department public-corruption prosecutors authorized a full investigation into prepaid cards but explicitly not into voter fraud; the Western District portion was later closed over the case agent's emailed objections. Through 2022 agents copied 20, then 100 voter-registration applications (the 100 "reportedly not processed by the clerk") and ran database checks eventually covering 107. A voter-fraud investigation was authorized 2/2/2023; agents interviewed eight canvassers, secured headquarters funding for 20 agents, and — after prosecutors delayed interviews around Michigan's 11/7/2023 elections — conducted mass canvasser interviews that December. FBI Laboratory handwriting analysis concluded 5/15/2024; by 10/25/2024 a Justice Department attorney was reviewing the interview reports. Names of agents, prosecutors, and interviewees are redacted.

• 10/27/2020: Michigan State Police (MSP) briefed the FBI Detroit (DE) Election Team, initiating the four-year chronology under FBI file 56D-DE-3407960.
• 3/11/2021: DOJ Public Integrity Section (PIN) authorized a full field investigation (FFI) into prepaid cards but explicitly did not authorize an investigation into voter fraud; the FFI opened 3/16/2021.
• 8/12/2021-11/2/2021: An AUSA advised PIN did not approve further action in the Western District and that the Western District portion of the investigation could be closed; on 11/11/2021 the case agent emailed the AUSA with concerns about closing the investigation.
• 3/14/2022-8/1/2022: Agents copied 20 voter-registration applications, then 100 applications 'reportedly not processed by the clerk,' from MPD, and provided database-check results on both sets to PIN and the USAO.
• 2/2/2023: PIN authorized a full field investigation into the voter-fraud matter; by 5/2/2023 database checks covered 107 applications.
• 5/8-6/22/2023: The case agent interviewed eight canvassers and attempted interviews of eight additional canvassers; on 9/13/2023 a lead was sent to the FBI Laboratory to examine voter registration applications.
• 9/27/2023: FBIHQ's Public Corruption Unit approved same-day funding for 20 agents to conduct canvasser interviews.
• 10/3/2023: The Director of DOJ's Election Crimes Branch/Deputy Chief of the Public Integrity Section advised interviews could not occur the week of 11/5/2023 because of Michigan elections scheduled for 11/7/2023; mass canvasser interviews were instead conducted 12/12-12/15/2023 after a briefing at the Kent County Sheriff's Office.
• 2/11/2024: The case agent received a forwarded email from SAC Chey Gibson attaching a letter to FBI Director Wray from two Michigan State Representatives (names redacted).
• 5/15/2024: The FBI Questioned Documents Laboratory Report (handwriting and indented-writing analysis) was completed, uploaded to Sentinel, and forwarded to the AUSA with a request for a charging decision.
• 7/17/2024: At a meeting including the U.S. Attorney, ASACs, AUSAs, PCU Section Chief Devin Kowalski, and PIN members, the USA advised there would be no prosecution in the case; the case agent pursued a written declination from the USAO.
• 10/8/2024-10/25/2024: The USA stated he was reconsidering prosecution, and a PIN attorney requested to review the FD-302s from the investigation - the timeline's final entries, leaving the charging question unresolved.

FBI Detroit opened a full federal investigation on March 16, 2021 into an estimated 8,000–10,000 voter registrations delivered to the Muskegon City Clerk's Office, some deemed fraudulent, and the same day the U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Michigan committed to prosecuting the subjects for wire fraud. The communication reports that Michigan State Police, the Michigan Attorney General, and Muskegon police were already investigating six mailed packages of applications the clerk's office had received since about October 5, 2020. The bulk came from one woman who, interviewed in October 2020, described herself as a first-level supervisor over paid canvassers working in Muskegon, Detroit, Ypsilanti, Southfield, Flint, and Lansing — paid per completed form via reloadable pay cards, a claim she later changed to hourly pay. State police obtained cellphone GPS tracking on October 22 and on October 29 searched an office, finding reloadable pay cards, raising concerns people were being paid to register voters for the 2020 election. Justice Department Public Integrity Section consultation was completed March 11, 2021; the two subjects' identities are fully redacted.

• FBI Detroit opened a full investigation (Case ID 56D-DE-3407960) on 03/16/2021 into fraudulent voter registrations submitted to the Muskegon City Clerk's Office (MCCO), captioned 'STATE OF MICHIGAN; CDPO - ELECTION LAWS; SENSITIVE INVESTIGATIVE MATTER.'
• Michigan State Police, the Michigan Attorney General, and the Muskegon Police Department were already investigating the allegations before the federal opening; MCCO referred the matter to law enforcement.
• Since on or about October 5, 2020, MCCO received six packages via U.S. Mail containing voter registration applications, some of which MCCO determined were fraudulent based on a number of factors.
• MCPD estimated the (redacted) individual(s) delivered between 8,000 and 10,000 registrations, the bulk sent by one redacted person who also hand-delivered numerous applications with indicators of potential fraud.
• In an October 20, 2020 MSP interview, the redacted woman said she was a first-level supervisor overseeing 'canvassers' operating in Muskegon, Detroit, Ypsilanti, Southfield, Flint, and Lansing.
• She said canvassers were paid through a reloadable 'pay card' for each completed form, later changing her statement to say they were paid hourly; she also could not recall her boss' name despite earlier identifying her (redacted) employer, and her vehicle was a rental rented by a redacted party.
• On October 22, 2020, MSP received authorization to track her movements via cellphone GPS ping; data showed travel on October 23, 2020 to a redacted address identified by open-source search as an office location for a redacted entity.
• MSP executed a search of the redacted office on October 29, 2020, seeking employee lists, payroll information, and records on reloadable pay cards; FBI Special Agents were dispatched due to concerns about weapons at the scene, and an SA saw a quantity of reloadable pay cards.
• MSP had earlier found a number of prepay debit cards at the redacted office, raising concerns that (redacted) was paying people to register — payments for registrations for the 2020 national election.
• On March 16, 2021, the U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Michigan advised his office would prosecute the redacted subjects for violations of 18 U.S.C. 1343 (Wire Fraud) or any other provable federal criminal laws.
• Consultation with the DOJ Public Integrity Section was completed March 11, 2021, with written approval from a DOJ attorney; on March 16, 2021, an FBI PCU SSA concurred with the opening; despite the caption, the EC states the matter is not a 'Sensitive Investigative Matter' and CDC review was not required.
• Two subjects are indexed in Section VI with all descriptive data (names, DOBs, sex, race, SSNs, addresses, telephones, driver license number) fully redacted.

A witness told FBI agents that a paid voter-registration canvassing operation in the Muskegon, Michigan area mass-produced fake registration applications in Fall 2020, and that she personally submitted about 100 — adding it would not surprise her if thousands were filed. Interviewed December 12, 2023, she described being recruited off the street by an outfit run from a former eyeglass store, one of more than 100 canvassers paid per completed registration, roughly $800 each payday on company debit cards. At a meeting of over 100 employees, one of two individuals (names redacted) told workers who couldn't get enough applications to "just fill them in," demonstrating with made-up information; she was told to invent names and Social Security numbers to hit quotas of seven to eight applications per shift alone or ten in pairs. Shown 22 applications, she confirmed completing nearly all. The operation ended when police executed a search warrant at the office.

• The witness was hired in Fall 2020 by a voter-registration canvassing operation run out of a former eyeglass store; the office was run by a tall thin white male (further identifying details redacted), and over 100 people did the same canvassing job in the Muskegon, Michigan area.
• At a meeting with over 100 employees present, one of two individuals (names redacted) told all employees that if they couldn't get enough applications they should just fill them in, and demonstrated by filling out a blank application with made-up information, saying "this is what I mean."
• Employees were paid based on completed registrations turned in each day, with quotas of seven to eight applications per shift working alone and ten per shift per person when working in pairs; the witness was paid approximately $800 each payday via company-issued debit cards loaded weekly.
• The witness was told to put any number she could think of for the Social Security number (but not her own SSN or date of birth) and that she could make up names or use anyone else's name; she would return to the office at the end of shifts and fill in blank sheets with made-up people to reach her daily quota.
• Shown 22 completed voter registration applications (attached as "Similar Hand A"), the witness confirmed she filled out all of the "Michigan-issued driver's license/Michigan-issued state ID card #" and "personal information" sections except on two, and signed all of the remaining 20 except those requiring cursive, which someone at the office signed for her.
• The witness was told the forms were sent to the main office and then shredded, so it didn't matter that the names were fabricated; rejected unsigned forms sitting around the office were picked up, signed, and resubmitted by other employees for credit.
• The witness worked for the organization for almost a month and estimated she submitted 100 fake voter registration applications; she said it would not surprise her if thousands of fake applications were submitted.
• The white male who ran the office was present when people were instructed to fill out fake applications and was aware it was occurring; per the witness, everyone working there was aware, and anyone claiming they told employees not to turn in fake applications is lying.
• The employees' job assignment ended when police executed a search warrant at the office; the white male who ran the office left before it closed without saying he was leaving.
• The white male told employees the organization was huge, had operations in other states, and that top performers who turned in the most applications could travel to other states to work.
• The witness was shown two canvasser contracts (attachments 1A13_1_6 and 1A13_2_114) and confirmed she had filled out both forms.
• The witness doesn't know if the group was trying to impact the election or just personally trying to make money; she stated she knew it was fraud but that the people running it were forcing employees to do it to make a living.

Database checks on 107 voter registration applications seized as evidence in an FBI Detroit case found that 91 of the individuals listed did not appear in any database, and of the 16 confirmed to be real people, only 4 had signatures on file matching those on their applications. This internal FBI communication reports the results of those searches, which agents ran to identify applications with potentially fraudulent signatures or listing non-existent individuals. The applications came from evidence item 1B1, a box of voter registration forms logged under Michigan State University Police property reference MUPD PR# 94333, in case file 56D-DE-3407960 (1B1 Review Subfile). The document states that a spreadsheet summarizing the findings was attached elsewhere in the case file, though the spreadsheet itself is not included in this release. The agents' names and part of the case description are redacted.

• Database searches were run on 107 voter registration applications from evidence item 1B1, a box of voter registration forms referenced as MUPD PR# 94333.
• 91 of the 107 individuals on the applications returned no results in database checks.
• 16 individuals were confirmed to be existing people.
• Of the 16 confirmed real people, only 4 had signatures on file that matched the signatures on the associated voter registration applications.
• The stated purpose of the searches was to identify applications with potentially fraudulent signatures or listing non-existent individuals.
• A spreadsheet summarizing the findings was attached in the 1A portion of the case file (not included in this release page).
• The EC originates from FBI DETROIT under Case ID # 56D-DE-3407960-1B1_REVIEW, 1B1 Review Subfile; part of the case description is redacted.
• The document was approved for public release by Counsel to the President Warrington on 10 July 2026.

The FBI's Grand Rapids office closed a Michigan voter-fraud investigation on September 25, 2025, after finding no evidence of false voter registrations and no criminal violation or priority threat to national security. The case, a designated "sensitive investigative matter" under the bureau's election-laws program (file 56D-DE-3407960), concerned an allegation that a subject, whose name is blacked out, submitted false voter registrations "for the purpose of establishing the ability to vote." Agents wrote that the investigation found no evidence the subject did so, and no evidence that anyone else submitted false registrations. Interviews with a redacted party, an employee, and several canvassers indicated the canvassers were never instructed to falsify voter registration information. The closing communication reports that an Assistant United States Attorney, name redacted, concurred with shutting down the case after logical leads were exhausted; the identities of the subject and case agent remain redacted throughout.

• FBI Detroit, Grand Rapids Resident Agency closed a voter-registration investigation captioned "STATE OF MICHIGAN; CDPO - ELECTION LAWS; SENSITIVE INVESTIGATIVE MATTER" (File No. 56D-DE-3407960), dated September 25, 2025.
• The investigation was closed because logical investigation and/or leads were exhausted and no criminal violation or priority threat to national security was identified.
• A redacted subject allegedly submitted false voter registrations "for the purpose of establishing the ability to vote," but the investigation found no evidence that the redacted party did so.
• The office (printed as "GBI Detroit" in the scanned text) found no evidence that anyone [redacted] submitted false voter registrations.
• Interviews of a redacted party, an employee, and several canvassers indicated canvassers were not instructed to falsify voter registration information.
• An Assistant United States Attorney (name redacted) concurred with the closing of the investigation.
• The matter was designated a "SENSITIVE INVESTIGATIVE MATTER" under the CDPO - Election Laws classification.
• The document was approved for public release by Counsel to the President Warrington on 10 July 2026, per a red stamp at the top of the page.
• The point of contact was a Special Agent whose name and telephone number are redacted.

A former 2020 voter-registration canvasser in Muskegon, Michigan told FBI agents that some people registered more than once, that co-workers earned extra money for more signatures, and that some had friends sign duplicate applications — though he said he was never asked to falsify anything and never did. In the December 12, 2023 interview (an FBI witness-interview write-up), the man said his girlfriend recruited him to the organization with the promise of $700-$800 a week; workers wore green shirts, were assigned tasks daily by two supervisors, and were dropped off by van around Muskegon, turning all applications over to supervisors at each shift's end. He was paid hourly with no quota. Some people assumed he worked for Joe Biden, and idle workers hung "vote for Biden" fliers door to door. Something seemed "off," so he quit; he later heard police raided the building. He confirmed signing a Canvasser Contract, attached to the file. The employer's identity is redacted throughout.

• The interviewee worked in 2020 for a redacted organization whose task was finding people not registered to vote and doing whatever possible to get them to sign up, operating around Muskegon (Michigan).
• He was recruited by his girlfriend, who worked for the same redacted entity, on the promise of earnings of $700-$800 a week.
• Workers were dropped off by van at different locations around Muskegon daily to register voters, and "Some people would register on more than one occasion."
• At the end of each shift all applications were turned over to supervisors; the interviewee was paid hourly, not by the number of applications, and there was no quota per shift/day.
• The interviewee was never asked to, and never did, fraudulently fill out any applications, but he knew some people got more money for more signatures and that some people had their friends sign duplicate applications.
• Some people thought the interviewee worked for Joe Biden; workers who were not getting registrations were tasked to go door to door hanging fliers saying to vote for Biden.
• Something seemed "off" to the interviewee and he quit after a short time; he later heard that the (redacted) building was raided by the police.
• The interviewee knew many others who worked for the redacted organization, including redacted "brothers" who "were really into it," and he confirmed he filled out and signed a Canvasser Contract (attached as a digital 1A).
• The interview was conducted in person on 12/12/2023 by two FBI Special Agents (names redacted) under file number 56D-DE-3407960, with date of entry 12/15/2023.
• The document was approved for public release by Counsel to the President Warrington on 10 July 2026 and bears an FBI "Official Record" digitally-signed stamp.

A paid canvasser for a voter-registration company told FBI agents she suspected younger coworkers were forging signatures, because they returned with many signed registration forms while she collected only three or four in an entire week; she denied forging any herself. The interview report, from a December 12, 2023 in-person interview, describes how the woman (name redacted) worked Monday through Friday, 8:00 am to noon, sometime between September and October, after being recruited while caring for an elderly person. She was onboarded at an eyewear store near a Dollar General, provided her driver's license, received a W2 and other paperwork, and was paid by Visa card every two weeks; she did not file taxes on the earnings. A van dropped canvassers at Save A Lot, Family Dollar, and liquor stores to ask customers if they were registered, with daily form goals but, she said, no volume incentives. Supervisors claimed the operation was cleared with the Secretary of State; completed forms were tallied by employee at a main office, and she confirmed her signature on an attached Canvasser Contract. The company's name and interview location are redacted.

• The interviewee worked for a voter-registration company (name redacted) some time between September and October, Monday-Friday, 8:00 am to 12:00 pm.
• She was hired at an eyewear store near Dollar General, provided her driver's license, and received a W2 form and other paperwork; she was paid by Visa card every two weeks based on hours worked and did not file taxes on the money.
• A van dropped employees at stores such as Save A Lot, Family Dollar, and liquor stores, where they asked entering customers whether they were registered to vote.
• Employees had a daily goal for the number of completed voter-registration forms, though the interviewee said there were no incentives for producing a certain amount.
• The interviewee thought people might be forging signatures because younger employees returned with many signed registration forms while she had only three or four for an entire week; she denied forging signatures herself.
• Supervisors told the interviewee that what they were doing was cleared with the Secretary of State.
• Signed voter-registration forms were returned to a main office where a paper with employees' names was used to tally how many forms each turned in.
• The interviewee confirmed her handwriting and signature on a Canvasser Contract attached to the FD-302 as a 1A exhibit.
• The interview was conducted in person on 12/12/2023 (location redacted), drafted 12/18/2023, entered 12/20/2023, under FBI file number 56D-DE-3407960.
• The document bears a red stamp: approved for public release by Counsel to the President Warrington on 10 July 2026, plus an FBI 'Official Record' digital-signature banner.

An FBI employee objected to closing a Michigan fraudulent voter-registration investigation, writing on November 16, 2021 that they were "not really comfortable closing the case" after getting no response to concerns raised the prior week, and disputing wording that the Justice Department's Public Integrity Section merely "concurs" with rather than directed the non-prosecution decision. On November 3, a DOJ Criminal Division attorney had promised an email memorializing the Public Integrity Section's agreement with the U.S. Attorney's Office and FBI decision not to prosecute, copying the Western District of Michigan. In a November 11 email, the employee cited DOJ's December 2017 manual "Federal Prosecution of Election Offenses," quoting its definition of fraudulent registration as federal election fraud (52 U.S.C. §§ 10307(c), 20511(2)) and its "bounty-hunting" passage, and argued canvassers reasonably believed keeping their jobs required productivity yet "still submitted fraudulent voter registration applications," while conceding willfulness would be hard to prove. An October 20 email referenced the case's financial review and a Michigan Attorney General's Office casefile; all names in the chain are redacted.

• An FBI employee (name redacted, marked "(DE) (FBI)") wrote on November 16, 2021 that they were "not really comfortable closing the case at this point without raising these issues," and had received no response to concerns sent the prior week.
• The same employee objected to wording stating that the DOJ Public Integrity Section (PIN) "concurs with our decision not to pursue it as opposed to the PIN directing us not to pursue it."
• On November 3, 2021 (9:35 AM), a DOJ Criminal Division (CRM) attorney wrote: "I'll send an email today memorializing PIN's agreement with the decisions of the USAO and FBI to not seek prosecution here," copying a redacted person at USAO-W.D. Mich.
• In a November 11, 2021 email to a "(USAMIW)" recipient, the FBI employee cited DOJ's December 2017 manual "Federal Prosecution of Election Offenses" and said: "I have some concerns regarding whether closing the matter is appropriate."
• The employee quoted the manual's definition that submitting fictitious names to election officers for voter registration rolls constitutes federal election fraud, citing 52 U.S.C. §§ 1037(c) [as printed] and 20511(2) (manual pp. 24-25).
• The employee quoted the manual (pp. 39-40) that Section 10307(c) "eliminates the need to prove that a given pattern of corrupt conduct had an actual impact on a federal election," citing Slone, 411 F.3d at 647.
• The employee quoted the manual's "bounty-hunting" passage (pp. 42-43): fraudulent registrations from per-registration payment schemes "are not victimless offenses" and prosecutors should consider charging both submitters and employing organizations under Section 10307(c).
• The employee argued that although the (redacted) organization did not appear to pay per-registration, "it is reasonable for the canvassers to believe they would not keep the job if they weren't somewhat productive," and that they "still submitted fraudulent voter registration applications."
• The employee conceded that "proving this was done 'willfully' would still be difficult, but I wanted to raise my concerns before closing the case."
• An October 20, 2021 email referenced the investigation's financial review and "the content of the Michigan Attorney General's Office casefile that was provided to us," and asked whether DOJ/PIN could provide "an undated letter" on concurrence/nonconcurrence.
• The FBI employee stated they had "not previously been involved in election-related investigations" and recalled the recipient's earlier concerns about proving election impact and willfulness.
• Every page bears the stamp "APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE BY COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT WARRINGTON on 10 July 2026"; the release stamp is the only machine-readable text layer.

FBI database checks found that a Michigan voter registration form listed an address that does not exist, and turned up no records matching the names and date of birth on the form. Agents in the Detroit Field Office wrote that on 5 May 2022 they searched Clear and Accurint (commercial records databases) and checked with the Michigan Secretary of State on a redacted female subject "to determine if the information on her voter registration form is fraudulent." Three results are reported: no results for one redacted name searched with the form's date of birth (an alternative spelling was also tried); no results for a second redacted name in Michigan (again with an alternative tried); and the nonexistent address. The internal communication, dated May 12, 2022, is carried under Case ID 56D-DE-3407960, captioned in part "State of Michigan; Election Laws; Sensitive Investigative Matter." The subject's name and the names of the drafting and approving agents are redacted.

• On 5 May 2022, an FBI Detroit writer ran searches in Clear, Accurint, and through the (Michigan) Secretary of State on a redacted female subject to determine if the information on her voter registration form was fraudulent.
• Search result 1: there were no results for the redacted name/term searched with the date of birth listed on the voter registration form (an alternative redacted term was also tried).
• Search result 2: there were no results for a second redacted name/term in Michigan (an alternative redacted term was also tried).
• Search result 3: the address listed on the voter registration form does not exist.
• The matter is carried under FBI Case ID 56D-DE-3407960, captioned in part 'STATE OF MICHIGAN; CDPO - ELECTION LAWS; SENSITIVE INVESTIGATIVE MATTER.'
• The EC originates from the FBI Detroit Field Office, squad DE-I21, dated 05/12/2022; approver, drafter, contact, and CC recipients are all redacted.
• The document was marked UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO with FOUO struck through, and was approved for public release by Counsel to the President Warrington on 10 July 2026.

FBI Detroit agents found that every checkable detail on a Michigan voter registration form appeared to be fake: no database returns matched the registrant's name and date of birth, the listed address is not a residence in Muskegon, Michigan (and its zip code is wrong for that street), and the listed phone number is inactive and does not trace back to the subject. The internal FBI write-up, dated March 31, 2022, documents searches the writer ran on March 22, 2022 through the commercial databases Accurint and Clear and through the Secretary of State, expressly "to determine if the information on his voter registration form is fraudulent." The matter is filed under Case ID 56D-DE-3407960, captioned in part "STATE OF MICHIGAN; CDPO - ELECTION LAWS; SENSITIVE INVESTIGATIVE MATTER." The subject's name, along with the approving and drafting officials, is redacted throughout.

• On 22 March 2022, an FBI Detroit writer ran searches in Accurint, Clear, and through the Secretary of State on a redacted individual to determine whether the information on his voter registration form was fraudulent.
• There were no database returns for the (redacted) name with the same date of birth as appeared on the voter registration form.
• The address listed on the voter registration form is not a residence in Muskegon, Michigan, and the zip code listed for that street is incorrect.
• The phone number listed on the voter registration form is inactive and does not return to the (redacted) subject.
• The matter is filed under Case ID 56D-DE-3407960 with a partially redacted caption reading "STATE OF MICHIGAN; CDPO - ELECTION LAWS; SENSITIVE INVESTIGATIVE MATTER."
• The Electronic Communication originates from the FBI Detroit Field Office, squad/unit designation DE-I17, and is dated 03/31/2022 on form FD-1057 (Rev. 5-8-10).
• The document is marked UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO with the FOUO caveat struck through, and carries an "OFFICIAL RECORD" stamp stating participants digitally signed and signatures were verified by a certified FBI information system.
• A red banner states the document was approved for public release by Counsel to the President Warrington on 10 July 2026.

FBI database checks found that none of the identifying details on a Michigan voter registration form could be verified, according to this internal Detroit Field Office communication dated March 31, 2022. The writer reports running searches on March 22, 2022 in Accurint, Clear, and through the Secretary of State on a redacted individual "to determine if the information on his voter registration form is fraudulent." The searches produced three discrepancies: no returns for the name with the date of birth listed on the form; an address that is not a residence in Muskegon, Michigan, with an incorrect zip code for the street; and a phone number that is inactive and does not trace back to the subject. The matter is filed under Case ID 56D-DE-3407960, captioned "STATE OF MICHIGAN; CDPO - ELECTION LAWS; SENSITIVE INVESTIGATIVE MATTER." The subject's name and all agent-identifying fields are redacted.

• On 22 March 2022, an FBI Detroit writer ran searches in Accurint, Clear, and through the Secretary of State on a redacted individual to determine if his voter registration form information was fraudulent.
• There were no database returns for the redacted name with the date of birth listed on the voter registration form.
• The address listed on the voter registration form is not a residence in Muskegon, Michigan, and the zip code for the street is incorrect.
• The phone number on the voter registration form is inactive and does not return to the redacted subject.
• The matter is filed under Case ID 56D-DE-3407960, captioned STATE OF MICHIGAN; CDPO - ELECTION LAWS; SENSITIVE INVESTIGATIVE MATTER.
• The document originated from the FBI Detroit Field Office, squad DE-I17, dated 03/31/2022, on form FD-1057 (Rev. 5-8-10).
• Originally marked UNCLASSIFIED//FOUO with the FOUO portion struck through; released with a red stamp: approved for public release by Counsel to the President Warrington on 10 July 2026.
• Identifying fields — subject name in title/synopsis, CC, Contact, Approved By, and Drafted By — are all redacted.

The Justice Department's election crimes unit approved a full grand jury investigation into alleged voter registration fraud in Michigan's Western District on February 2, 2023, according to this email from the unit's Director of Enforcement and Litigation to federal prosecutors in western Michigan and the FBI. The approval covered only two categories: applications for people who do not exist or appear fabricated, and applications whose signatures matched or closely resembled signatures on others. It expressly excluded applications with real persons' names and unique signatures, and prosecutors were told to consult the unit before filing charges, if venue was lacking, or before any federal public statement. An appended earlier message reports database checks of names, partial Social Security numbers, driver's license numbers, birthdates, addresses, and phone numbers on 20 randomly selected applications flagged by the Muskegon Clerk as potentially fraudulent. Seven were completely fabricated, four paired real names with mismatched identifying data, one had a wrong middle name, one used a fabricated address for a person who never lived in Muskegon, and seven were entirely or nearly correct.

• On February 2, 2023, DOJ's Public Integrity Section (PIN) concurred in a full grand jury (GJ) investigation into alleged voter registration fraud in the Western District of Michigan, coordinated with USAMIW and the FBI.
• PIN's concurrence was limited to two categories: applications where the purported applicant does not exist or appears fabricated ("unable to locate" with incorrect associated information), and applications whose signatures are the same or substantially similar to signatures on other applications.
• The concurrence expressly did not extend to applications featuring names of actual persons where the application includes a unique signature.
• PIN required consultation before the offices pursue criminal charges or if venue is lacking, and directed that no federal public statement be made without conferring with PIN.
• Database checks were completed on 20 randomly selected voter registration applications with apparently different handwriting from those identified by the Muskegon Clerk as potentially fraudulent.
• Investigators compared names, last four of SS#, Michigan driver's license number, DOB, gender, address, and phone number against available databases.
• Of the 20 applications: seven contained completely fabricated information; four had a real name but mismatched DOB, driver's license, and/or SS#; one had a real name but mismatched middle name; one was for someone who never appeared to have lived in Muskegon with a fabricated address; and seven contained all or nearly all correct information.
• Application #14 was for a person who was deceased at the time of the check but alive at the time of registration; all information matched except the address.
• Application #19 listed an address that is a park, with no locatable person by that name and DOB.
• Multiple applications (#2, #9, #15, #16) listed addresses that do not exist, and several listed inactive phone numbers.
• Both pages are stamped approved for public release by Counsel to the President Warrington on 10 July 2026.

A woman submitted an estimated 8,000-10,000 voter registration applications to the Muskegon City Clerk's Office in October 2020, an undetermined number of which appeared fraudulent, this FBI Detroit memo reports. Starting around October 5, the clerk's office received six mailed packages of applications flagged for non-existent addresses, invalid phone numbers, signatures that didn't match Michigan Secretary of State or DMV records, and identical handwriting; the woman also hand-delivered forms with similar red flags. She said she was paid $1,150 a week and had run similar drives in Detroit, Ypsilanti, Southfield, Flint, and Lansing since August 6. An open-source search found a 2018 Georgia congressional candidate paid a related entity $52,000 for canvasser work. On October 20 she returned with roughly 2,500 more applications and gave an interview riddled with inconsistencies. Muskegon police opened a case October 16, Michigan State Police joined with the state Attorney General prosecuting, a 48-hour GPS warrant traced her to a Grand Haven Best Western, and search warrants were expected October 29; her identity is redacted throughout.

• Since on or about 10/5/2020, the Muskegon City Clerk's Office (MCCO) received six packages via U.S. Mail containing voter registration applications, some determined fraudulent based on non-existent addresses, invalid telephone numbers, and signatures not matching Michigan Secretary of State voting or DMV records; many applications appeared to have the same handwriting.
• MCPD estimated a redacted individual submitted approximately 8 to 10 thousand voter registration applications, of which an undetermined number appeared fraudulent; in total MCCO received approximately 8,000-10,000 forms in person or via mail associated with the redacted subject.
• The subject told investigators she was paid for voter registration work (later stated as $1,150/week) and was involved in similar registration drives in Detroit, Ypsilanti, Southfield, Flint, and Lansing, with campaigns the document says began on 08/06/2020.
• An open-source search revealed a candidate in the 2018 Georgia District 7 congressional election paid a redacted entity $52 thousand for "field consulting and canvasser payments"; an FBI Sentinel search returned positive results related to restricted cases 56E-BA-2140100 and 56D-AT-3310478.
• On 10/20/2020 the subject returned to MCCO with a box of approximately 2,500 applications; in an MCPD interview she raised red flags by providing an inaccurate date of birth, changing her account of whether workers were paid by application or hourly, and having trouble recalling a last name, then drove away in a Volkswagen Jetta registered to EAN Holdings (Enterprise Rent-A-Car).
• MCPD initiated its investigation on 10/16/2020; MSP initiated an assisting investigation on 10/22/2020, with prosecution handled by the Michigan Attorney General's office.
• On 10/23/2020 MSP obtained a 48-hour GPS warrant (since renewed); the subject was last pinged at the Best Western Hotel in Grand Haven, Michigan, and MSP anticipated executing search warrants on Thursday 10/29/2020 at a redacted location and the Best Western Grand Haven hotel room.
• On 10/27/2020 MSP briefed the FBI Detroit Election Team (DET); MSP expressed willingness to work jointly with the FBI on the condition the USAO and Michigan AG discuss and agree; Detroit notified the U.S. Attorneys for the Eastern and Western Districts of Michigan the same day.
• FBI Detroit planned to discuss the matter with MSP, the Michigan AG, MCPD, and both U.S. Attorney's Offices after the conclusion of the election to determine potential investigative steps.
• On 10/27/2020 an MCPD Captain (name redacted) provided the FBI with a copy of police report 2020-19124, attached to this EC as the enclosure.
• The matter was carried under FBI Case ID 56-DE-3249380-Muskegon, described as "Michigan Election Crimes; Type III Assessment; Assessment Began 03/10/2020; SENSITIVE INVESTIGATIVE MATTER."

The Justice Department's Public Integrity Section directed the FBI to delay interviewing roughly 100 canvassers suspected of submitting falsified Michigan voter-registration applications in 2020 until after the state's November 7, 2023 local election was concluded, certified, and uncontested — pushing the interviews to December 2023. The email chain memorializes a same-day call between the section's Election Crimes Branch director and an FBI special agent in Detroit's Grand Rapids office, who described a potential fraud scheme in which canvassers for a redacted entity may have faked registrations to meet employment quotas. Because Michigan registration covers both federal and state elections, officials wrote, mass interviews near the election could create a public perception of DOJ and FBI interference, implicating two Justice Manual non-interference policies. The section did approve pre-election covert work and coordination with state and local authorities, but told agents to consult again before overt steps near the February 27 and August 6, 2024 primaries, any charges, or public statements. The entity under investigation is redacted throughout.

• FBI Detroit (FBI/DE) was investigating a potential voter registration fraud scheme involving canvassers for a redacted entity in Michigan's 2020 election, as of October 3, 2023.
• The FBI proposed interviewing approximately 100 individuals who served as canvassers in 2020 to determine whether they submitted falsified voter registration applications, possibly to meet quotas for submission of applications as part of their employment.
• DOJ's Public Integrity Section (PIN) concurred in the canvasser interviews only after Michigan's November 7, 2023 local election was 'concluded, certified, and uncontested,' with interviews anticipated in December 2023.
• PIN's rationale: Michigan voter registration is unitary (registering for both federal and state elections), and interviewing numerous canvassers close to the November 7, 2023 election could create a public perception of DOJ/FBI acting to affect the election's outcome.
• The matter implicated two Justice Manual policies: the election non-interference policy (JM § 9-85.300) and the election-year sensitivities policy (JM § 9-85.500).
• PIN did concur in coordination with state and local law enforcement and election administration authorities, and in 'any other appropriate covert investigative activity,' even before the November 7, 2023 election.
• PIN instructed the FBI to consult again before any other potentially overt investigative activity near Michigan's presidential primary (February 27, 2024) or state primary (August 6, 2024), and before bringing charges or making any public statement.
• The exchange originated with an FBI Special Agent from FBI Detroit's Grand Rapids Resident Agency emailing at 10:41 AM EDT on October 3, 2023 asking for a call; the substantive PIN response was sent at 3:38 PM the same day.
• The PIN author's signature block identifies them as Director, Election Crimes Branch and Deputy Chief, Public Integrity Section, Criminal Division, DOJ.
• Every page is stamped in red: 'APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE BY COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT WARRINGTON on 10 July 2026.'

A Southfield, Michigan woman told the FBI she received a voter registration ID card and what she believed was an absentee ballot despite insisting she never registered to vote — and an FBI check of Michigan's Voter Information Center website nonetheless showed her as a registered voter. The complaint form reports that on Election Day, November 3, 2020, an unknown man in a Biden shirt came to her home, addressed her by name, and offered to collect her absentee ballot; she said she was not registered, declined his tablet-based offer to register her, and gave no personal information. She shredded the ballot-like mailing and said county and city clerk's offices refused to tell her anything; her call was logged December 8, 2020. Agents ran FBI database checks: two systems returned nothing, while a third showed one restricted result outside the Detroit division. The complaint was filed October 5, 2021 under the bureau's catch-all case file for election law matters, with two enclosures.

• A complainant in Southfield, Michigan contacted the FBI (call logged 12/08/2020, 1:01 p.m. Eastern Time) reporting possible election fraud; the complaint was documented on an FD-71A Guardian Complaint Form dated 10/05/2021.
• On 11/03/2020 (Election Day), an unknown subject (UNSUB) wearing a Biden shirt came to the complainant's home, addressed her by name, and offered to collect her absentee ballot.
• The complainant told the UNSUB she was not registered to vote; the UNSUB had a tablet and offered to register her, which she declined, providing no personal information.
• The complainant later received a voter's registration ID card in the mail despite stating she did not register to vote and did not request to be registered.
• A few weeks before Halloween she received what she believed was an absentee ballot in the mail, which she shredded; she said she is 100% certain she was never registered and has never voted in an election.
• She contacted her county and city clerk's offices, which would not tell her any information.
• An FBI open-source query of mvic.sos.state.mi.us (Michigan Voter Information Center) revealed the complainant as a registered voter, contradicting her statement that she never registered.
• Guardian and DIVS database queries returned zero results; a Sentinel query returned one restricted result in the JK Div and zero in the DE (Detroit) Division.
• The matter was filed under Case ID 56-DE-0, the '(U) ZERO FILE FOR ELECTION LAW MATTERS,' with assessment data referenced in Guardian 694326_DE.
• Enclosures listed: 'U Capture1.PNG' and 'U Contents of Submission.'
• The document is UNCLASSIFIED, bears an FBI 'OFFICIAL RECORD' digital-signature stamp, and was approved for public release by Counsel to the President Warrington on 10 July 2026.

A former office clerk at a Michigan voter-registration canvassing company told FBI agents she believed the firm may have been trying to suppress or prevent people from voting for President Trump, and that working for its owner "was like working for a mobster." Interviewed at her residence on July 7, 2025, the witness — now a certified nursing assistant and medical transport driver — said she answered an online ad in mid-2020 and worked from August to about October 2020 for roughly $500-600 a week, redacting voter forms (name, birth date, address, phone, but no Social Security numbers) collected by door-to-door canvassers. Canvassers earned about $10 an hour plus $50 bonuses, paid via glitch-prone debit cards that required their ID and Social Security number to activate; she also heard the owner sold Social Security numbers but had no details. The owner appeared only in daily morning Zoom meetings, while a "VP" ran onboarding from a headquarters office. She denied any role in submitting false applications; the company's and owner's names are redacted throughout.

• FBI interviewed the witness in person at her residence on 07/07/2025 under file number 56D-DE-3407960; her name, date of birth, cellular number, address, and the interviewing Special Agents' names are all redacted.
• Around mid-2020 the witness responded to an online advertisement for an office clerk job at a company (name redacted) in Michigan; the job paid approximately $500-600 USD per week and she worked from August 2020 until the end of the election season around October 2020.
• As office clerk she was responsible for redacting voter forms that typically included an individual's name, date of birth, address, and telephone number; the forms did not include Social Security Account numbers, and she could only redact forms that were filled out correctly and completed.
• Employees called canvassers went door-to-door in the local area to register individuals to vote, then provided the collected forms to the witness and another (redacted) person for redaction.
• Canvassers were paid approximately $10 USD per hour plus a $50 USD bonus for collecting a certain amount of application forms; the witness did not remember how many forms were required for the bonus.
• Canvassers were paid with funds loaded onto debit cards that frequently had problems; canvassers had to provide an identification card and their Social Security account number to activate the cards and resolve issues.
• The company owner (name redacted) rarely communicated with staff and appeared mainly in daily remote morning meetings (around 9:00-9:30 AM) via Zoom or teleconference, directing canvassers to fill out forms completely and correctly because incomplete forms could not be redacted; the witness felt working for him "was like working for a mobster."
• The witness heard the owner (redacted) was involved in selling Social Security numbers, but could not provide additional information.
• A female employee referred to as "VP" (vice president) handled onboarding and more serious company issues; she and a second female employee ran a (location-redacted) office that operated as a headquarters; the witness worked in two Michigan office locations (redacted) around August and September 2020, and the company had other offices with more collection locations added later.
• The witness did not know if anyone at the company submitted false applications; she did not work with or conspire with anyone to submit false applications, was never paid to do so, and never paid or offered compensation to anyone to submit false applications.
• After her employment, the witness stated she felt the company (redacted) was possibly trying to suppress or prevent people from voting for President Trump, and she advised she was willing to speak with interviewing agents again.
• Each page is stamped in red "APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE BY COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT WARRINGTON on 10 July 2026," and page 1 carries an FBI "OFFICIAL RECORD" digital-signature stamp.

A witness told FBI agents that someone at a 2020 voter-registration organization "was instructed by management to make up phone numbers and date of births on voter registration applications" — the memo's central claim, with the person's name redacted. Agents interviewed the witness by phone on December 13, 2023, in Muskegon, Michigan, and wrote up the interview in this standard FBI witness-interview report (file 56D-DE-3407960). The witness said she worked for the organization in 2020, heard about the job through a friend, and worked regular four-hour shifts: she reported to an office building before each shift to be assigned where to solicit registrations, spent most shifts outside gas stations, and returned completed registrations to management afterward, where a manager put them in an envelope whose fate she didn't know. She was paid hourly with no incentives for submitting registrations, couldn't recall the two managers' names (one man, one woman), knew coworkers as fellow "locals," and recalled being told of other offices. The organization's possible name is redacted.

• The witness stated a person (name redacted) 'was instructed by management to make up phone numbers and date of births on voter registration applications' — the memo's most consequential claim.
• In 2020 the witness was employed by an organization that registered people to vote; the organization's possible name is redacted ('The name of that organization could have been [REDACTED]').
• The interview was conducted telephonically on 12/13/2023 at Muskegon, Michigan, United States (Phone), under FBI file # 56D-DE-3407960; drafted 12/14/2023, entered 12/18/2023.
• Canvassing logistics: a regular shift was four hours; before each shift the witness went to an office building on a redacted street to be assigned where to solicit registrations, and she spent most shifts outside gas stations.
• At the end of each shift the witness returned collected voter registrations to management; a manager would put them in an envelope, and she did not know what happened to the envelopes after that.
• The witness could not recall the names of the two managers she dealt with, only that one was a man and one was a woman.
• The witness was paid hourly but could not recall how she was paid, and there were no incentives for submitting voter registrations.
• Canvassers were told there were other offices they could work at; the witness recalled another office in a redacted location.
• The witness knew other people who worked at the organization because they were all 'locals'.
• The document was approved for public release by Counsel to the President Warrington on 10 July 2026 and bears an FBI 'Official Record' digitally-signed banner.

A paid voter-registration canvasser in Muskegon, Michigan told FBI agents that most employees of her 2020 canvassing organization submitted registrations with false information because it was "easy money" — though she never falsified forms herself and only heard about the falsified submissions secondhand. In this witness interview memo, agents wrote that the woman, interviewed by phone on December 12, 2023, could not remember the organization's name; a friend referred her, and she was told she would be paid to get people to vote. She recalled walking around asking people to register "to vote for Obama" roughly 3-4 years earlier, returning signed applications to the employer, and receiving payments of about $300, almost $400, and then $200 loaded onto a card, with 2-3 applications required per payment and no bonuses. She named no supervisors, describing only a Black man and a Black woman who was "running things" at the Broadway and Hoyt location, and said she saw no one give anything to registrants. Her identity is redacted, along with one full paragraph.

• The witness stated that in 2020 she was employed by an organization that assisted in registering people to vote in Muskegon, Michigan, but she could not remember the organization's name.
• She was told by a friend who referred her that she would be paid to get people to vote; her job was to get people to sign, return signed papers to the employer, and then be paid.
• She was paid approximately $300.00 once, almost $400.00 once, and then $200.00, based on how many signatures she received; money was placed on a "card" (an Agent Note states the amounts are approximations).
• She was required to submit 2-3 voter registration applications in order to get paid; no bonuses and no incentives or opportunities to work in other cities or states were offered.
• The witness stated most of the employees submitted voter registrations with false information because it was "easy money," though she was not directed to make up information and never falsified forms or signatures herself; she only heard about falsified forms.
• She believed people would submit falsified applications so they could get as many applications as possible.
• She recalled two supervisors, a black male and a black female; the black female was "running things" at the Muskegon location at Broadway and Hoyt; the black male is described only as FNU LNU, male, Black, medium height, average build.
• She said she walked around and asked people to register to vote for OBAMA approximately 3-4 years ago (as stated in the December 2023 interview).
• She was not aware of anyone giving anything to people approached in return for completing a voter registration application.
• She completed a canvasser contract for the organization, did not maintain contact with anyone else who worked there, and has not discussed this investigation with anyone else.
• The interview was conducted telephonically on 12/12/2023 at Muskegon, Michigan under FBI file number 56D-DE-3407960; the 302 was drafted 12/14/2023 and entered 12/15/2023.

A 2020 voter-registration canvasser told FBI agents that other canvassers traded marijuana and money for voter registration applications and were "probably" submitting applications with fictitious names — though she denied ever fabricating information herself and said she was never directed to. The witness interview memo records her December 12, 2023 in-person interview: she worked for an unnamed organization she heard about through her uncle, canvassed outside "the Walmart," wore a green-and-blue shirt, and turned in applications each shift at an office that was formerly an eye care center. She was paid $400 every two weeks by direct deposit or prepaid debit card, with no bonus tied to applications collected. She said her baby's father, whom she met while canvassing and who is now in prison on an unrelated matter, likely put fictitious information on his own application. She described two supervisors — one named person and that person's brother — supplying Facebook screenshots as exhibits, and confirmed her handwriting and signature on two canvassing contracts agents showed her.

• In 2020, the interviewee worked as a canvasser for an organization that registered people to vote; she heard about the job through her uncle and canvassed outside "the Walmart."
• She was paid $400 every two weeks, via direct deposit or prepaid debit card, and stated there was no incentive or bonus for turning in voter registration applications.
• She stated she was never directed to make up information on voter registration applications and never submitted applications with fictitious information.
• She knew of other canvassers who would trade marijuana and/or money for voter registration applications.
• She said other canvassers were "probably" submitting voter registration applications with fictitious names.
• She met her baby's father while canvassing; he likely filled out fictitious information on his own voter registration application and is now in prison for an unrelated issue.
• Canvassers reported to an office that used to be an eye care center (street name redacted) at the start and end of each shift, wearing green and blue shirts, and turned in collected applications there.
• Two supervisors at the organization are identified: one named individual (redacted) and that individual's brother, First Name Unknown (FNU) Last Name Unknown (LNU); both were from a redacted location; the witness provided Facebook screenshots of both, attached as 1A exhibits.
• Agents showed the witness two canvassing contracts during the interview; she confirmed the handwriting and signature on both were hers, and the contracts were digitally attached as 1A exhibits.
• The interview occurred in person on 12/12/2023 (location redacted), under FBI file # 56D-DE-3407960; the report was drafted 12/15/2023 and entered 12/18/2023.
• The document bears an FBI "Official Record" digital-signature stamp and a red banner: approved for public release by Counsel to the President Warrington on 10 July 2026.

A former paid canvasser told FBI agents he could not specifically remember forging signatures during his 2020 election-season work but "probably did" at some point, and believed people would fake signatures. The interview report (an FBI witness-interview write-up, filed under number 56D-DE-3407960) documents a telephone interview conducted December 14, 2023, with the witness in Muskegon, Michigan. The man initially could not recall working for a company involved in the 2020 election, remembering the job only when reminded he had applied at a location near a Dollar General; he recalled wearing bright neon shirts and working just a couple of weeks in the fall. He understood the job as collecting signatures for voter registration, was paid per signature with a daily quota he could not recall, and would earn nothing if he collected none. An agent's note records that a photo of his canvasser contract was texted to him, and he confirmed it bore his handwriting and signature; the witness's name and all personal identifiers are redacted.

• The witness, a former paid canvasser interviewed by phone on 12/14/2023 at Muskegon, Michigan, could not specifically remember forging signatures but advised he probably did at some point during the employment, and believed people would fake signatures.
• The witness understood his job as collecting signatures for voter registration and was paid based on how many signatures he collected; if he collected no signatures he would not be paid.
• He was expected to collect a certain amount of signatures every day but did not recall the daily requirement.
• He initially could not recall working for a company involved in the 2020 election, remembering the employment only when reminded of where he applied — a location (redacted) near the Dollar General; he recalled wearing bright neon colored shirts and working only a couple of weeks in the Fall.
• An Agent Note states the Agent sent a photo of the canvasser contract to the witness's cell phone (number redacted) and that the contract will be maintained in the attached 1A; the witness confirmed the contract contained his handwriting and his signature.
• The interview is filed under FBI File # 56D-DE-3407960, drafted 12/18/2023, with date of entry 12/20/2023; the interviewing/drafting agent names are redacted.
• The document bears an FBI 'OFFICIAL RECORD' badge stating participants digitally signed and signatures were verified by a certified FBI information system, and a red stamp: 'APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE BY COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT WARRINGTON on 10 July 2026.'
• All personal identifiers of the witness — name, date of birth, phone number, Social Security account number, and home address — are redacted.

A Muskegon, Michigan voter-registration canvasser admitted to FBI agents that he never actually collected any signatures during his roughly one week on the job in 2020 — he sat in his car for entire shifts and wrote down names of friends and relatives to have something to turn in on his clipboard. This FBI interview memo records a December 13, 2023 phone interview in which the man, a parolee released from prison in March 2020, first denied ever hearing of the redacted company or doing registration work, suggesting past identity theft explained his information appearing on a "Canvaser Contract" — details agents read back and matched to his Social Security number. Agents told him the FBI was investigating the company, not him. On December 15 he called back and admitted the job, saying a friend who recruited him said "you can just make up names on the form and get paid." He was paid hourly, quit after about a week, and said 2020 was his first time registering and voting; agents had also contacted his Michigan parole officer beforehand. The company's name is redacted throughout.

• Two FBI Special Agents (names redacted) interviewed a redacted individual by phone on December 13, 2023 in Muskegon, Michigan, under FBI file number 56D-DE-3407960; the FD-302 was drafted 12/14/2023 and entered 12/15/2023.
• An agent note records that on December 12, 2023, an SA spoke with an MDOC (Michigan Department of Corrections) Parole Officer to obtain current information about the interviewee, who is on parole.
• The interviewee initially denied any connection: he had never heard of the (redacted) company, knew no one who worked there, and had never worked in any job trying to get people to register to vote; he suggested past identity-theft issues meant someone with his information may have gotten a job with those companies.
• An agent note states the FBI was investigating the company based on allegations that (redacted) violated the law and was not specifically investigating the interviewee.
• Information from a 'Canvaser Contract' was read to the interviewee; the SA initially misread one digit of the SSAN, and once corrected it was confirmed to be the correct information matching the interviewee.
• The interviewee was released from prison in March 2020 and said the 2020 election was the first time he registered to vote and voted.
• On December 15, 2023, the interviewee called the SA back and said he now remembered working for about one week in 2020 for a company where he was tasked with finding people to register to vote; he could not remember the company's name or anyone who worked there, and his girlfriend reminded him of the job.
• A friend (name redacted) who worked for the company recruited him and 'said you can just make up names on the form and get paid.'
• He was paid by the hour, not by the signature, could not remember how he got paid, and quit after about one week.
• He never collected any names: he would sit in his car the whole shift and put down the name of a friend or relative in order to have something to turn in with his clipboard.
• The document carries an 'OFFICIAL RECORD' stamp stating document participants digitally signed and all signatures were verified by a certified FBI information system, plus a release stamp: approved for public release by Counsel to the President Warrington on 10 July 2026.

An FBI Detroit agent, days before his office closed its investigation into fraudulent voter registration applications, emailed the Justice Department on January 3, 2022 to question why prosecutors had approved only a limited inquiry rather than a full one. Writing that "We are preparing to close the investigation," the agent challenged the narrow scope approved by the Justice Department's Public Integrity Section, arguing from the department's own manual, Federal Prosecution of Election Offenses (December 2017), that this type of fraud "would result in a full field investigation." He cited provisions on fictitious names, false information, and materially defective registrations (52 U.S.C. 10307(c) and 20511(2)) and the manual's warning about per-registration "bounty-hunting" payments. Though the entity under investigation apparently did not pay per registration, he wrote, canvassers reasonably believed productivity kept their jobs — and "they still submitted fraudulent voter registration applications." Conceding willfulness would be hard to prove, he asked to understand the reasoning; a DOJ Criminal Division official replied January 4 offering a call that afternoon. Names, the case name, and the investigated entity are redacted.

• An FBI Detroit agent stated on January 3, 2022 that FBI Detroit was "preparing to close" an investigation (case name redacted) into fraudulent voter registration applications.
• The agent questioned "the limited scope that PIN approved" — referring to DOJ's Public Integrity Section — into the investigation of the fraudulent voter registration applications.
• Citing DOJ's "Federal Prosecution of Election Offenses" manual (December 2017), the agent argued "it appears as though this type of fraud would result in a full field investigation."
• The agent quoted manual provisions under "Conduct that Constitutes Federal Election Fraud," citing 52 U.S.C. §§ 10307(c) (printed as "1037(c)") and 20511(2) on fictitious names, false information, and materially defective registrations (manual pgs. 24-25).
• The agent quoted the manual (pgs. 39-40) that Section 10307(c) "eliminates the need to prove that a given pattern of corrupt conduct had an actual impact on a federal election," citing Slone 411 F.3d at 647.
• The agent quoted the manual's "bounty-hunting" passage (pgs. 42-43): per-registration payment gives "the unscrupulous" a motive to forge registrations, overloads registration offices with bogus registrations before elections, and such fraudulent registrations "are not victimless offenses."
• The agent wrote that although the (redacted) entity does not appear to pay on a per-registration basis, "it is reasonable for the canvassers to believe they would not keep the job if they weren't somewhat productive," and "regardless of what they believed, they still submitted fraudulent voter registration applications."
• The agent acknowledged proving the conduct was done "willfully" would be difficult, but raised concerns before closing the case and asked to "better understand the reasoning behind not approving a full investigation."
• A DOJ Criminal Division (CRM) official replied on January 4, 2022, 11:51 AM: "Happy to discuss," offering a call between 1:30-3:00 pm ET that afternoon; the reply is marked "[EXTERNAL EMAIL]".
• Both pages carry the stamp "APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE BY COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT WARRINGTON on 10 July 2026"; all names, email addresses, the case/subject name, and the investigated entity's name are redacted.

The Justice Department's Public Integrity Section repeatedly narrowed, and by August 2021 informally shut down, a federal investigation into an alleged Michigan voter-registration fraud scheme, this email chain among FBI Detroit, the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Western District of Michigan, and DOJ Criminal Division shows. Per the FBI's February 11, 2021 summary, the Muskegon Clerk's Office began receiving suspect applications on October 5, 2020 — nonexistent addresses, invalid phone numbers, signature problems, similar handwriting — with roughly 8,000 to 10,000 mailed in total; a Michigan State Police search warrant on October 29, 2020 at a location in the Eastern District turned up boxes of reloadable "blue cards" reportedly used to pay workers collecting applications. The Public Integrity Section approved a grand jury investigation of the blue-card payments on March 11, 2021, but declined to pursue the registration fraud itself absent further evidence, later allowing only preliminary contact with state authorities and twice ordering that no federal public statement be made. On August 12, 2021, the Western District relayed informal advice that no further action be taken there, with the parallel Eastern District investigation's status unknown to the sender.

• On October 5, 2020, the City of Muskegon Clerk's Office began receiving voter-registration applications flagged as potentially fraudulent, with concerns including addresses that did not exist, invalid phone numbers, signature-matching issues, and same/similar handwriting on multiple applications; the applications came from the same (redacted) company.
• Per the FBI Detroit summary (Feb 11, 2021 email), in total about 8,000 to 10,000 applications were mailed (remainder of sentence redacted); on October 8, 2020 a redacted individual dropped off more applications in person with similar issues.
• On October 29, 2020, the Michigan State Police executed a search warrant at a redacted location; FBI Special Agents viewing the site noted a number of boxes with "blue cards" or other re-loadable debit cards, and subsequent MSP interviews indicated a redacted subject used these cards to pay workers bringing in voter applications.
• The redacted search-warrant location is in the Eastern District of Michigan, while Muskegon is in the Western District of Michigan — the venue split underlying the two-district handling (filename references an EDMI declination).
• Muskegon City Police and the Michigan State Police / Michigan Attorney General's Office had opened the initial investigation before federal involvement.
• On March 11, 2021, DOJ's Public Integrity Section (PIN) concurred in proceeding with a full field, grand jury investigation into the "blue cards" allegations, but did NOT concur at that time, barring further predication, with a specific investigation focused purely on the voter-registration fraud already investigated by State law enforcement.
• On April 1, 2021, PIN concurred only in the preliminary investigative step of contacting State/local election and law-enforcement authorities, recommending a detailed assessment of the number/percentage of registrations determined fraudulent or inaccurate and the types of fraudulent information (e.g., fictitious names, non-existent or incorrect residential addresses).
• PIN twice instructed: "No federal public statement should be made about this matter," and asked to be advised of any pending election contests or litigation, and of any contact by candidates or their representatives with prosecutors or agents on the matter.
• On June 28, 2021, USAMIW forwarded PIN's authorization for a preliminary investigation to FBI Detroit and asked for a synopsis of findings to date to send to PIN for further guidance.
• Follow-ups on July 20 and July 30, 2021 ("Have you spoken to PIN?" / "Have you heard anything?") show USAO/FBI awaiting PIN's answer; a redacted PIN contact "needed to talk to his supervisor."
• On August 12, 2021, USAMIW relayed that a redacted official "has informally advised us that no further action should be taken in this District at this time," with an official response to follow; the sender did not know the status of any authorization for the Eastern District investigation.
• Every page bears a red stamp: "APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE BY COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT WARRINGTON on 10 July 2026"; page 4 is blank except for the stamp and one small redaction box.

The Justice Department's Public Integrity Section agreed to close out a Michigan investigation without further action, according to this two-email chain. On November 4, 2021, an official in the department's Criminal Division wrote to an FBI recipient that, based on previous calls with the FBI and the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Western District of Michigan and other information both had provided, those offices had evaluated the matter and were "not seeking further investigative or prosecutive action at this time" — and that the Public Integrity Section "agrees with that conclusion." The email describes no independent investigation by the section. In the earlier quoted email of October 20, 2021, a sender noted their office's completed financial review and receipt of the Michigan Attorney General's Office casefile, and asked the Criminal Division official to "provide an undated letter" stating the section's view on concurrence or nonconcurrence. The investigated entity's name is redacted throughout; only the release filename labels it a "PIN GBI Declination."

• On November 4, 2021, a DOJ Criminal Division (CRM) official wrote to the FBI that DOJ's Public Integrity Section (PIN) agreed with the conclusion not to seek further investigative or prosecutive action in the redacted matter.
• The email states that the FBI recipient's office and the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Western District of Michigan had evaluated the matter and were 'not seeking further investigative or prosecutive action at this time.'
• PIN's concurrence was based on 'previous calls' with the FBI and the USAO Western District of Michigan and 'other information provided by both' — the email describes no independent PIN investigation.
• In the earlier email of October 20, 2021 (10:28 AM), a redacted sender asked the CRM official to 'provide an undated letter regarding DOJ/PIN's view on concurrence/nonconcurrence.'
• The October 20 email references a completed financial review by the sender's office and states the Michigan Attorney General's Office casefile 'was provided to us.'
• The name of the investigation/matter is redacted everywhere it appears in the body and subject line; the document itself never names the investigated entity (the release filename reads 'PIN GBI Declination').
• Visible unredacted fragments in the header include '(CRM)' after the top sender's name, 'DE) (FBI)' in the To: line, and 'AMIW)' in the Cc: line.
• The page carries a red release stamp: 'APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE BY COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT WARRINGTON on 10 July 2026'; no classification markings are visible.

An FBI employee at the bureau's Grand Rapids office (unit GR-1/I-21, FBI Detroit) emailed a colleague a "voter fraud spreadsheet" on Friday, April 28, 2023, at 11:47 AM, transmitting an attachment named Person Checks_2023.xlsx. The sender wrote that the spreadsheet "details all information and outcome of persons search," indicating agents ran checks on individual people and logged the results. A second spreadsheet or tab named "Stats" contained "percentage breakdowns" prepared "per your request" — showing the recipient had asked for statistical summaries of the person-check results — and the sender offered to provide further statistics on request. The spreadsheet itself, with any names, counts, or percentages, is not included; only this transmittal email was released. The email was marked unclassified and designated a short-term "transitory" record in the FBI's records system, with no case number attached; both sender and recipient names are blacked out.

• An FBI employee at Detroit's Grand Rapids resident agency (unit GR-1/I-21) emailed a "voter fraud spreadsheet" to another FBI Detroit-designated employee on Friday, April 28, 2023, at 11:47 AM.
• The attachment transmitted was named "Person Checks_2023.xlsx"; the spreadsheet's contents are not included in this released page.
• The sender describes the spreadsheet as detailing "all information and outcome of persons search," indicating individual person checks were run and outcomes logged.
• A second spreadsheet/tab named "Stats" contained "percentage breakdowns" prepared "per your request," showing the recipient had requested statistical summaries of the person-check results.
• The email is marked UNCLASSIFIED at top and bottom, and its records-management fields (RMTFRUserProp and SentinelCaseId) both read "Short-Term Use Email (Transitory)", designating it a transitory record.
• Both sender and recipient names are redacted, as are the sender's cell ("c:") and desk ("d:") phone numbers; no other content is redacted.
• The page bears a red release stamp: "APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE BY COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT WARRINGTON on 10 July 2026."
• No case number is visible: the SentinelCaseId field contains the transitory-email label rather than a Sentinel case number.